Aspirin

Overview:

Prescription aspirin is used to treat the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Aspirin is also used to treat fever and to ease mild to moderate pain from headaches, menstrual periods, arthritis, toothaches, and muscular pains. Nonprescription aspirin helps to prevent ischemic strokes (strokes that occur when a blood clot stops the flow of blood to the brain) and mini-strokes. It works by preventing the formation of specific compounds that cause heat, discomfort, swelling, and blood clots.

Primary Characteristics:

Aspirin is synthesized chemically from salicylic acid by acetylation with acetic anhydride. Aspirin has a molecular weight of 180.16g/mol. It has no odor and is colorless to white crystals or crystalline powder.

Pharmacology:

Indication:

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is used to treat a wide range of conditions. It is also used to relieve symptomatic pain during surgical and dental operations. ASA is approved for the treatment of migraine headache associated with photophobia (sensitivity to light) and phono phobia (fear of noise).

Other Indications:

In patients with adverse cardiovascular cerebral infarction, ASA is used to lower the risk of cardiovascular mortality (in combination with other therapies) and to prevent thrombosis following hip replacement surgery. It can also be used to reduce platelet aggregation, which helps to avoid transient ischemic episodes (TIA).

Pharmacokinetics:

Aspirin absorption is pH sensitive at the level of the small intestine. At pH 3.5 or 6.5, aspirin’s intestinal absorption is greater than the gastric absorption. Salicylic acid is renally cleared, which can be increased by raising the urinary pH.

Pharmacodynamics:

Effect on pain and fever: Acetylsalicylic acid is used to treat inflammation. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis throughout the body. These are powerful, irritating compounds that have been found to produce headaches and discomfort in people when injected. Prostaglandin E1 is a well-known fever-inducing substance.

Effect on platelet aggregation: Platelet aggregation is inhibited by ASA and COX-1, which can result in the development of blood clots. The interaction of ASA with thromboxane A2 in platelets, an essential lipid for clot formation and thrombosis, causes its suppression.

Mechanism of Action:

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) inhibits the formation of prostaglandins. Platelet aggregation is inhibited for roughly 7-10 days when COX-1 is inhibited. Platelet aggregation can cause clots and dangerous venous and arterial thromboembolism, which can lead to illnesses including pulmonary embolism and stroke.

Contradictions:

People who are allergic to ibuprofen should not take aspirin. Patients who have inborn coagulopathies such as hemophilia should avoid all salicylates. Acquired diathesis as in the setting of dengue or yellow hemorrhagic fever should avoid the use of aspirin.

Side Effects:

Although aspirin is quite effective against many disorders, it does have a number of negative effects. Acetylsalicylic acid should not be consumed in large quantities since it might cause hallucinations and possibly death at high doses.

It causes nausea, vomiting, bloating, muscular cramps, gastrointestinal irritation, gastritis, diarrhea, gastric ulcer, low blood pressure, sleepiness, headache, heartburn, and other side effects.

Warnings:

Aspirin belongs to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication class (NSAIDs). Aspirin should never be taken on an empty stomach since it might cause heartburn. Do not use ibuprofen if your doctor has instructed you to take aspirin to avoid future strokes or heart attacks.

Precautions:

People with the following conditions should use aspirin with caution and only if a doctor prescribes it:

• Hemophilia
• uncontrolled high blood pressure
• asthma
• peptic or stomach ulcers,
• liver or renal illness are all examples of bleeding diseases.

People who are allergic to aspirin or any other NSAID, such as ibuprofen, should avoid using these medications. Pregnant or nursing women may use low-dose aspirin under the supervision of a doctor. Because not all strokes are caused by blood clots, doctors do not give aspirin during a stroke.

Vision Pharmaceuticals (PVT) Limited

Vision Pharmaceuticals are one of the best pharmaceuticals companies of the world. Different types of pharma products & drug pellets we manufacture speak volumes of the high quality, efficacy & durability. If you have any query or want to know about any product, contact us on following numbers;

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Pantoprazole sodium sterile

Overview:

Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to protect the stomach. It’s also used in triple antibiotic regimens for the treatment of H. pylori infections, with medicines including amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole. Long-term usage of PPIs has been linked to an increased risk of bacterial infections and decreased absorption of minerals including iron and B12.

Primary Characteristics:

A substituted sodium 5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-[[(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl) methyl] sulfonyl] 1H-benzimidazole is the active component in PROTONIX® I.V. (pantoprazole sodium) for Injection. With a molecular weight of 405.4, its empirical formula is C16H14F2N3NaO4S. The rate of chemical breakdown in aqueous solution is pH-dependent and rises as pH decreases.

Pharmacology:

Indication:

Pantoprazole injection is approved for the short-term (7-10 day) treatment of individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with a history of erosive esophagitis. It is also used to treat pathological hyper secretory diseases such as Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome and other neoplastic illnesses. An extra 8-week course of therapy may be considered for adult patients who have not healed after 8 weeks of treatment.

Pharmacodynamics:

Pantoprazole has been demonstrated to be more successful than histamine-2 receptor antagonists at reducing acid reflux symptoms, healing esophageal inflammation, and improving patient quality of life (H2 blockers). This medication has an outstanding safety record and a low rate of drug interactions. It is safe to use in a variety of high-risk patient populations, including the elderly and those with renal failure or mild hepatic impairment.

Mechanism of Action:

The production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the gastric lumen is primarily controlled by the proton pump’s H (+)/K (+)-ATPase, which is abundantly produced by stomach parietal cells. ATPase is an enzyme that enables hydrogen and potassium exchange inside the cell, resulting in potassium extrusion and the creation of HCl (gastric acid). Pantoprazole and other proton pump inhibitors are substituted Benz imidazole derivatives, which accumulate in the acidic region of a parietal cell before being converted to active sulfonamide derivatives.

Side Effects:

It is possible that you will get headaches or diarrhea. Redness, discomfort, or swelling at the injection site are also possible. Inform your doctor immediately away if you get persistent diarrhea, abdominal or stomach pain/cramping, fever, or blood/mucus in your stool. It is unusual to have a severe adverse response to this medication.

Precautions:

Before using pantoprazole, notify your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it or any other medicines. This product may contain inactive chemicals that might cause allergic reactions or other issues. Consult your physician about strategies to prevent bone loss/fracture, such as taking calcium (such as calcium citrate) and vitamin D supplements.

Warnings:

Pantoprazole oral pill may produce an allergic response, which can lead to renal failure. The medication may raise a person’s risk of osteoporosis, a disorder in which bones grow brittle. It can reduce the quantity of magnesium in your body in persons who have low blood magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia). It can also generate false findings in neuroendocrine tumor tests.

For People with Osteoporosis:  Pantoprazole can raise a person’s risk of osteoporosis, a disorder in which bones become brittle. Inform your doctor if you have a family history of osteoporosis.

For people with low blood magnesium (hypo magnesium): Pantoprazole might cause a drop in magnesium levels in your body. If you have a history of hypomagnesemia, tell your doctor.

For People being tested for Neuroendocrine tumors: Pantoprazole can give false positives in these tests. As a result, your doctor will ask you to cease taking this medication at least 14 days before the testing. They may also request that you repeat the testing if necessary.

Vision Pharmaceuticals (PVT) Limited

Vision Pharmaceuticals are one of the best pharmaceuticals companies of the world. Different types of pharma products & drug pellets we manufacture speak volumes of the high quality, efficacy & durability. If you have any query or want to know about any product, contact us on following numbers;

+92 (051) 449 3587, +92 (51) 449 3589, +92 (321) 517 1779

Duloxetine Hydrochloride

Overview:

Duloxetine is an antidepressant with a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI). Duloxetine changes brain chemicals that may be out of balance in persons who suffer from depression. It’s is a medication used to treat serious depression in adults. It is used to treat generalized anxiety disorder in adults and children over the age of seven. It’s also used to treat nerve pain caused by diabetes (diabetic neuropathy) as well as persistent muscular or joint pain in adults (such as low back pain and osteoarthritis pain).

Primary Characteristics:

Duloxetine hydrochloride is a white to slightly brownish white solid that is mildly soluble in water. Inactive components include FD&C Blue No. 2, gelatin, hypromellose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, sodium lauryl sulphate, sucrose, sugar spheres, talc, titanium dioxide, and triethyl citrate. Iron oxide yellow is also included in the 20 mg and 60 mg capsules.

Pharmacology:

Indication:

Recommended for:

1) Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

2) Generalized Anxiety Disorder Management

3) Diabetic peripheral neuropathy management.

4) Fibromyalgia management.

5) Chronic musculoskeletal pain management

6) Knee osteoarthritis management in adults.

7) Adults’ persistent lower back pain management.

8) Adult female stress urinary incontinence management.

Off-label uses include:

1) Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy management.

2) Management of stress urine incontinence in adult males following prostatectomy till full recovery.

Mechanism of Action:

The CNS effects of duloxetine mediate its action on the external urinary sphincter. Enhanced serotonin and norepinephrine concentrations in Onus’s nucleus result in increased adrenergic receptor activation. These receptors’ activity contributes to increased excitability of the pudendal motor neuron. The hypertensive impact of duloxetine is connected to its intended pharmacological action. Increased norepinephrine availability activates adrenergic receptors on the vascular endothelium. Because the Gq coupled receptor causes calcium release, vasoconstriction occurs because the activity of ?1 receptors predominates.

Side Effects:

Inform your doctor right away if you notice any new or unexpected changes in your mood or behavior, such as new or worse sadness or anxiety. If you are impulsive, irritable, agitated, angry, aggressive, restless, more active or chatty, or have suicidal or self-harming ideas, contact your doctor. If you have: pounding heartbeats or fluttering in your chest; a light-headed feeling as if you’re about to pass out; easy bruising, unusual bleeding; visual changes; or painful urination.

Liver Problems include right-sided upper stomach discomfort, itching, dark urine, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Low blood sodium can cause headaches, disorientation, difficulty with thinking or memory, weakness, and a shaky sensation.

Manic episodes are characterized by racing thoughts, increased activity, decreased need for sleep, risk-taking behavior, and agitation or talkativeness.

Seek medical attention right away if you have symptoms of serotonin syndrome, such as: agitation, hallucinations, fever, sweating, fast heart rate, muscle stiffness, twitching, loss of coordination, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Precautions:

Inactive components in duloxetine may cause allergic reactions or other complications. This medication may cause dizziness or drowsiness. If you use marijuana, consult your doctor. If you have diabetes, this medication may have an effect on your blood sugar. Older people are more likely to develop a sort of salt imbalance (hyponatremia), particularly if they use “water pills” (diuretics). Falls might be exacerbated by dizziness, lightheadedness, or loss of coordination. This medicine may potentially be harmful to an unborn child.

Warning:

Suicidal ideation is common in those suffering from depression or mental illness. When first taking a depression medication, some young individuals may experience heightened suicide thoughts. Do not discontinue duloxetine without first consulting your doctor. It is possible that a hazardous medication interaction will occur.

Vision Pharmaceuticals (PVT) Limited

Vision Pharmaceuticals are one of the best pharmaceuticals companies of the world. Different types of pharma products & drug pellets we manufacture speak volumes of the high quality, efficacy & durability. If you have any query or want to know about any product, contact us on following numbers;

+92 (051) 449 3587, +92 (51) 449 3589, +92 (321) 517 1779

Lansoprazole Sodium Sterile

Overview:

Lansoprazole is a substituted Benz imidazole that blocks gastric acid production. This medication is permitted for the short-term treatment of erosive reflux erosive esophagitis, active gastric ulcers, active duodenal ulcers, and NSAID-induced gastric ulcers. It works by inhibiting the membrane enzyme H+/K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells. In individuals with peptic ulcer disease, a daily dose of 30 mg alleviated epigastric pain faster than omeprazole 20 mg daily. Lansoprazole is a prescription drug. It’s available as a delayed-release oral capsule and orally disintegrating tablet. It reduces the amount of acid produced in your stomach by blocking the proton pump in the cells of your stomach. It can be used to treat gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcer and heartburn.

Primary Characteristics:

Lansoprazole is an odorless white to brownish-white crystalline powder that melts around 166°C when decomposed. With lowering pH, the rate of breakdown of the chemical in aqueous solution rises. PREVACID I.V. for Injection comprises 30 mg lansoprazole, 60 mg mannitol, 10 mg melamine, and 3.45 mg sodium hydroxide as the active component. It comes as a sterile, lyophilized powder for intravenous administration.

Pharmacology:

Lansoprazole reduces stomach acid secretion by inhibiting H+, K+-ATPase, an enzyme in parietal cells that catalysis the final step in the acid secretion process.   Lansoprazole can be taken at any time of day and will inhibit both daytime and nocturnal acid secretion. As a result, lansoprazole is efficient at healing duodenal ulcers, reducing ulcer-related discomfort, and alleviating heartburn symptoms.  Lansoprazole also inhibits pepsin secretion, making it an effective treatment for hyper secretory disorders such Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Mechanism of Action:

As a PPI, lansoprazole is a prodrug that must be activated by protonation in an acidic environment.  Lansoprazole may react with cysteine residues on parietal H+, K+-ATPase, notably Cys813 and Cys321, to form persistent disulfides once protonated. Because of their propensity to bind covalently to their targets, 35 PPIs can offer long-term suppression of acid secretion.

Contradiction:  

PREVACID I.V. (lansoprazole for injection) for Injection is contraindicated in patients with known severe hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation.

Absorption:

Lansoprazole has an oral bioavailability of 80-90 percent and a peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of around 1.7 hours after oral administration.  Because food affects lansoprazole absorption (both Cmax and AUC are lowered by 50-70%), patients should be told to take lansoprazole before meals.

Side Effects:

The majority of people who use this medicine do not have any substantial adverse effects. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and headache are all possible side effects. If you have persistent diarrhea, abdomen or stomach pain/cramping, fever, or blood/mucus in your stool, call your doctor immediately once. Anti-diarrhea and opioid medications should be avoided since they may exacerbate symptoms.

Precaution:

Some symptoms might be warning indications of a more serious illness. Proton pump inhibitors (such as lansoprazole) might make you more susceptible to bone fractures. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for advice on how to avoid bone loss and fractures. The drug’s adverse effects, including bone loss and fractures, may be more severe in elderly adults.

Warnings:

Bone fracture warning: People who take many doses of this medicine each day for a year or longer may be at risk for bone fractures. Breaks in your hip, wrist, or spine are more likely to occur. You must take this medication exactly as directed by your doctor.

Severe Diarrhea warning: A drug called Clostridium difficile (C. diff) can cause diarrhea, stomach pain and fever that won’t go away.

Kidney damage warning: If you suffer bleeding or changes in urine while being treated for meningitis, menopause, or post-exfoliating colorectal cancer, call your doctor.

Vision Pharmaceuticals (PVT) Limited

Vision Pharmaceuticals are one of the best pharmaceuticals companies of the world. Different types of pharma products & drug pellets we manufacture speak volumes of the high quality, efficacy & durability. If you have any query or want to know about any product, contact us on following numbers;

+92 (051) 449 3587, +92 (51) 449 3589, +92 (321) 517 1779

Esomeprazole Sodium Sterile

Overview:

Esomeprazole, sold under the brand name Nexium, is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication used for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and for gastric protection. It’s also used in quadruple regimens to treat H. pylori infections alongside antibiotics like Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, and Metronidazole. Its effectiveness is comparable to that of other PPI medications like Omeprazole and Pantoprazole.

Primary Characteristics:

In vitro, esomeprazole and [DB00338] both inhibit acid secretion to a similar extent, with no significant differences between the two compounds. Long-term use of PPIs like this has been linked to side effects such as increased susceptibility to bacterial infections and decreased absorption of micronutrients like iron and B12.

Pharmacology:

Indication:

Esomeprazole  used to treat acid reflux disorders such as erosive esophagitis healing and maintenance, symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, H. pylori eradication, gastrointestinal bleed prevention with NSAID use, and long-term treatment of pathological hyper secretory conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

Mechanism of Action:

Esomeprazole suppresses stomach acid by covalently binding to sulfhydryl groups of cysteine on the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme at the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells, preventing the final step in gastric acid production. Regardless of the stimulus, this effect inhibits both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion. Because esomeprazole’s binding to the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme  irreversible and a new enzyme must expressed to resume acid secretion, the anti-allergic effect of esomeprazole lasts longer than 24 hours.

Pharmacodynamics:

The s-isomer of Omeprazole, which is a race mate of the S- and R-enantiomers, is Esomeprazole. It prevents acid secretion into the gastric lumen by inhibiting ATPase at the gastric parietal cell’s secretory surface. This effect is dose-dependent, and regardless of the stimulus, it inhibits both basal and stimulated acid secretion. PPI use over time linked to side effects such as increased susceptibility to bacterial infections and decreased absorption of micronutrients like iron and B12.

Side Effects:

Blisters, peeling, or loosening of the skin are all possible side effects of this medication. You may not experience all of these side effects such as Fast heartbeat, dizziness, Darkened Urine, drowsiness, loss of appetite, puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue etc., but if you do, you should seek medical help. If any of the following side effects persist or become bothersome, speak with your doctor. Unpleasant, unusual, or bad (after). In the stomach or bowels, there is too much air or gas. Hair loss or thinning  a condition in which the hair  lost or thinned.

Precautions:

To treat ulcers caused by H. pylori infection, this medicine  sometimes combined with amoxicillin (Amoxil) and clarithromycin (Biaxin). After using this medicine, consult your doctor if you experience a change in urination frequency or amount, fever, joint pain, loss of appetite, nausea, skin rash, swelling of the body, feet, or ankles, unusual tiredness or weakness, or weight gain. This medication may increase your risk of hip, wrist, and spine fractures. This medicine may cause hypomagnesemia (low magnesium in the blood). This is more likely if you are over 50, take high doses, or take it for a year or more. If you have severe bone pain or swelling, call your doctor right away.

Vision Pharmaceuticals (PVT) Limited

Vision Pharmaceuticals are one of the best pharmaceuticals companies of the world. Different types of pharma products & drug pellets we manufacture speak volumes of the high quality, efficacy & durability. If you have any query or want to know about any product, contact us on following numbers.

+92 (051) 449 3587, +92 (51) 449 3589, +92 (321) 517 1779